PHILIPS NMS8280 COMPUTER USER MANUAL This manual is a publication of Philips Export B.V, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 1986. Copyright Philips Export B.V. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this handbook or parts thereof in any form is not permitted without the express written permission of the publisher. MSX and MSX2 are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. -2- ------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 MSX2 AND MSX COMPATIBILITY 6 CHAPTER 2 CONNECTIONS AND CONTROLS 7 CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS 15 CHAPTER 4 USING THE DISK DRIVES 22 CHAPTER 5 USE OF THE CARTRIDGE SLOTS 27 CHAPTER 6 WORKING WITH THE KEYBOARD 28 CHAPTER 7 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU TURN THE COMPUTER ON 34 CHAPTER 8 THE CONTROLS 36 CHAPTER 9 DIGITISING A VIDEO IMAGE 38 CHAPTER 10 "SUPERIMPOSING" WITH GRAPHIC IMAGES 40 CHAPTER 11 MIXING COMPUTER WITH VIDEO IMAGES 44 CHAPTER 12 MAINTAINING YOUR COMPUTER 46 APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 47 APPENDIX B THE KEYBOARD 52 APPENDIX C GLOSSARY 54 -3- --------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION You are now the owner of a modern MSX computer, which excels in versatility and performance. It is designed to be integrated into your video system and can be connected to any video equipment complying with European standards. The NMS 8280 comes with the Philips VIDEOGRAPHICS programm, a combination that offers virtually unlimited possibilities for creating graphic designs and video films with personal character, you can create imaginative digital drawings, and adding them to your video images ("superimposing"), you can achieve professional title effects, digitise video footage and even create cartoon effects in parts of your graphics or digitised video images. It is ideal for approaching for first to a computer to get familiar with writing your own programs, but the process immediately offers the necessary features for an experienced programmer to write even the most complicated programs. Of course, you can also use one of the hundreds of ready-made MSX programs and that number is still growing daily. This computer is fully compliant with the international MSX2 specifications, a more sophisticated version of the well-known MSX standard. As for MSX, the MSX2 specification guarantees full compatibility for both the "hardware" (computers and peripherals)as well as the "software" (the programs). All existing software, developed for MSX, can also be used on your MSX2 computer. Further information on this can be found in Chapter 1. -4- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This MSX2 computer features a built-in MSX-BASIC interpreter, which recognises almost all BASIC instructions from the Microsoft BASIC-80 version, as well as special video instructions and other instructions for music, colour, moving objects ("sprites"), the built-in clock and hand controls (mouse, drawing tablet and joystick). These features make your computer one of the most versatile and easy-to-use systems currently available, while its performance rivals that of professional equipment. Chapter 2 of this manual provides information on connections and controls. There you will read how to connect your computer to your TV receiver or monitor, and to other peripherals. Chapter 3 gives you further information on the various system configurations and how your video equipment should be connected. You will then read about how to use the disk drives and cartridges. Chapter 6 provides information about the keyboard, paying special attention to the function keys, command keys and cursor keys. If you are not yet familiar with MSX computers, Chapter 7 tells you how to start your computer, while Chapter 8 gives you information about operating your computer. If you want to digitise video images and "superimpose" computer images over video images, without using the VIDEOGRAPHICS program, you should read chapters 9 and 10 carefully. Instructions on mixing video images and an example of a VIDEO MIX program can be found in Chapter 11. Be sure to also read Chapter 12, where you will find important instructions on how to maintain your computer. The appendix contains technical specifications, information on keyboard layout and a glossary of technical terms used in computer and video circles. -5- ---------------------------------------------- 1 MSX2 AND MSX COMPATIBILITY MSX is the first real world standard for computers, ensuring universal interchangeability of both "hardware" and "software"! It means that all peripherals and programs, developed according to the official MSX standard, can be used with all MSX computers. All existing programs written according to the official MSX standard can also be used on your MSX2 computer. The reverse is usually not the case because the MSX2 computer offers more features, such as the much larger working memory. If you load MSX programs from a cassette (data recorder), you have to switch off MSX-disk-BASIC by holding down the uppercase key [Î] for a few seconds, right after you switch on the computer. If the computer is already on, it is enough to press the (RESET) button, while holding down the uppercase key [Î] for a few seconds. -6- --------------------------------------------- 2 CONNECTIONS AND CONTROLS WARNING MAKE SURE THAT THE MAIN SWITCH (19) IS OFF BEFORE CONNECTING ANYTHING TO YOUR COMPUTER! The connection points can be found on the back and right side panel of your computer. Install the complete configurations you want to use (see Chapter 3: "System configurations") before turning on your computer. You should switch it off before connecting or disconnecting a video recorder, camcorder, monitor, printer, etc. It does mean, however, that any information in the computer's working memory will be lost. The casing of your computer is so sturdy that you can quietly put a 14-inch monitor on it if you wish. (1) Power cord Take the power cord from your computer and plug it into the wall socket. If the mains power indicator (20) lights up, press the main switch (19) first so that the mains power is switched off before connecting any other equipment! (2) TV connection If you have a TV device without an audio/video connection (Euroconnector)(8), then it must be connected here. Take a special TV cable and connect one end to this TV connection and the other to the antenna input of your TV, The RF output signal is set to UHF channel 36. The channel can be adjusted, if necessary, using a small screwdriver in the adjustment slot (24). -7- ----------------------------------------------- (3) Video input(CVBS) If you are using an external video source (such as a video camera, a camcorder, a video recorder or TV), it should be connected here (cinch connection). To do so, use the appropriate cable (cinch/cinch or cinch/BNC) according to the corresponding connection on your video source. (4) Audio input R&L) If you are using an external audio source (such as a video camera, camcorder, VCR or audio system), it should be connected here. The two audio input jacks are marked R and L for connecting the right and left channels of the stereo signal, using a double cinch/cinch connection cable. If you have a mono signal, the connection must be made via the L jack (for Left), in which case, of course, a single cinch/cinch connection cord is used. (5) Video luminance switch This push switch allows you to adjust the video output connection of your computer(6) for use with a monochrome monitor (for business applications such as word processing, etc). Press the switch to the IN position only when connecting a monochrome monitor to your computer. (6) Video output connector (CVBS/Luminance) This cinch jack is switched on and off via the video Iuminance switch(5). When the switch is in the normal (OFF) position, a CVBS (colour) output signal is supplied for a VCR, colour monitor or TV. When the switch is in the IN position, a monochrome signal is supplied for a monochrome monitor. Use a cinch/cinch, a cinch/BNC or a cinch/Euroconnector cable as required. -8- ------------------------------------ (7) Audio output connector (R&L) This cinch connector provides an audio output signal for the audio input(s) of your VCR, TV, monitor or audio system. The two connectors are marked R and L and are intended for connecting respectively the right and left sound channel of an audio input, such as that of an audio system or VCR. You should use a double cinch/cinch connection cable for this purpose. If you only have a VCR or monitor with mono sound, it should be connected to connector L (Left), using a single cinch/cinch connection cable. Please note that a stereo output signal is only given if there is a stereo input at the audio input connectors (4) or the Euro connector (8). Further information on this can be found in Chapter 8: "The controls". (8) Audio/Video IN/OUT Euro connector (RGB/CVBS) If your colour TV or monitor is equipped with a Euroconnector, the special cable must be connected here. This connector provides both video and stereo audio input and output. If your TV has a video output (CVBS), on the Euroconnector, it can also be used to receive TV programs. If your TV has a separate video (CVBS) input and output, then it can be used as a monitor and as an audio/video source (TV programs). If you have a colour monitor, which is switchable for either CVBS or RGB, use the RGB option as it gives better results. Your computer's Euroconnector has an RGB/CVBS video output and a CVBS video input. Note: If you have a video recorder with a Euroconnector and you want to use it for playback and for recording, it is best to connect it here. In this case, you can use the Video output (6) to connect a monitor or a TV with Video input (CVBS). Of course, you can also connect the TV via the antenna input to the TV connection (2) of the computer. For further details, please refer to Chapter 3: "System configuration". -9- ------------------------------------- IMPORTANT Recording of television programs or copying of videotapes is prohibited by law if it damages copyrights or other rights of third parties. (9) Connection for data recorder Your data recorder should be connected here. (10) Connections for game controllers In most MSX and MSX2 programs, you can use the cursor keys. The Philips VDEOGRAPHICS program is no exception to that rule. However, it works faster and easier if you use the included mouse. If you want to use a joystick or drawing board, they can also be connected here. The connectors are marked 1 and 2. Connect your mouse to connection point 1. Consult the manual of any other Consult the manual of any other controllers and those accompanying the relevant program to find out which one is best to use. (11) Printer connection If you have an MSX printer, connect it here. Don't forget to secure the connector with the special mounting clips (114). (12) Keyboard connection The cord of the separate keyboard should be connected here. First open the locking clips (12a) on both sides of the connector. Push the cable plug into the connector and then secure it with the clips. If the connection cable is somewhat longer than necessary, attach a section in the cable holder at the back of the keyboard. Further information on the keyboard can be found in chapter 6. -10- -------------------------------------------- (13) Your computer has two slots to insert cartridges. For further information about cartridges see Chapter 5. -11- ---------------------------------------------- (14) RESET button If you press the reset button while your computer is on, it returns to its initial state. So this means that all information, which is currently in the computer memory, is erased. (15) Diskette slot (A) If you want to use a diskette, it must be inserted in this slot (see chapter 4). (16) Diskette slot (B) (see chapter 4) (17) Eject button If you want to remove your diskette from the drive, press this button (see chapter 4). DO NOT press the eject button while the disk drive indicator is illuminated! (18) Floppy disk drive indicator ("FDD indicator") This indicator lights up when the diskette unit is in operation (such as for storing or loading files). Do not remove the diskette while this indicator is lit! (19) Main switch This is a pressure switch. You turn the computer ON by pressing this button. Pressing it again turns the computer off . Make sure it is switched off before connecting or disconnecting peripherals or removing or inserting cartridges into the computer. -12- ------------------------------------------ (20) On/Off indicator This indicator lights up when the computer is on. (21) Audio/video source selector switch This push switch is used to select an external audio/video source. See Chapter 8 for further details. (22) AV IN/OUT indicator This indicator lights up when your audio/video source is connected via a Euro connector. (23) AV IN indicator This indicator lights up when the audio/video source is connectedm to the separate (cinch) audio and video jacks. (24) Superimpose indicator This indicator lights up when computer images are "Superimposed" over images from an external video source (TV, VCR, etc.). See further section 10. (25) Slider for digitalisation level This slider controls the brightness (intensity) of an external video image (from TV, VCR, etc.) that you want to digitise. It controls the video output signal via both the Euroconnector and the video output. See Chapters 8 and 9 for further information. (26) Audio mix slider This slider controls the audio mix from an external source (TV/Euroconnector or audio input jack) and computer-generated sound. It also serves to control computer sound when there is no audio signal from an external source. See further section 8. (27) Video mix slider This slider can be used to control the brightness of computer images while they are superimposed over an external video image. It therefore gives an immersive effect when mixing computer and video images. See further chapters 8, 10 and 11. -13- ----------------------------------- 3 SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS The NMS 8280 computer offers many options for putting together your video system. Which configuration you use depends on the video equipment you have, the connections to that equipment and what kind of work you want to do. A number of cables for connecting your video equipment to the computer are included. The illustrations show only those basic set-ups where the equipment in question is connected directly to the computer. In this way, your computer serves as a kind of interface for controlling and directing the audio/video signals between the various devices. In all these configurations you can also connect other peripherals, such as a printer, a data recorder, etc. (See chapter 2: "Connections and control") WARNING MAKE SURE YOUR COMPUTER, TV, VIDEO EQUIPMENT AND OTHER PERIPHERALS ARE SWITCHED OFF BEFORE CONNECTING OR DISCONNECTING THEM! A) TV without Euroconnector or video input Your TV does not have a Euroconnector or video input. Then use a special TV cable to connect your computer to the antenna input (2) of your TV set, With this set-up, you do not have an external video source for your computer. B) Colour monitor or TV with Euroconnector but no video output Your TV has a Euroconnector but no video output or you have a colour monitor with Euroconnector. Connect your TV or monitor via the Euroconnector. Another possibility is to connect your monitor to the audio/video outputs (6) and (7) of your computer, although you will probably need a special connection cable for that. With this setup, you do not have an external video source for your computer. -15- ------------------------- C) TV with Euroconnector and video output Your television equipment has a Euroconnector with video output. Connect it to your computer via the Euroconnector(8). Your TV can now be used as a monitor screen and also as an external audio/video source (TV programs). Some modern TV receivers are equipped with an audio/video output (for TV programs) that can be used independently, while the unit can also be used as a monitor screen. D) TV without Euroconnector or video output plus VCR Your TV does not have a Euroconnector with video output, but your VCR does. Connect the antenna input of your TV receiver to the TV connector (2) of your computer. Connect your VCR to your computer via the Euroconnector (8). Your VCR can now be used for recording and as an external video source. E) TV with Euroconnector and video output plus a VCR or camcorder Your TV has a Euroconnector with video output and you also want to connect a VCR or camcorder. Connect your TV to the computer via the Euroconnector(8). Your TV can now be used as a monitor and as an external video source (TV programs). Connect your VCR to the audio/video outputs (6) and (7). (You will need special connecting cables for this.) You can now make video recordings with your VCR. If you connect your VCR (or camcorder) to the audio-video inputs (3) and (4), you can use it as an external video source. Remember, you will need additional connection cords if you want to record and playback with your VCR without swapping connections. F) Colour monitor or TV with video input plus a VCR and video camera You have a VCR with Euroconnector and video input and you also want to connect a video camera (or camcorder/second VCR). Connect your VCR to the computer via the Euroconnector. This VCR can then be used for recording and as an external video source without changing the connections. Using special connecting cables, connect your colour monitor or TV to the computer's audio/video outputs (6) and (7). Connect the audio/video output of your video camera (camcorder or second VCR) to -17- --------------------------------------- the computer's audio/video inputs (3) and (4), and you can use it as a second, external video source. Bear in mind that you will need additional connecting cables for this configuration and a cinch to Euroconnector cable if you are using a TV device that only has a Euroconnector as a video input. G) TV without video output and two VCRs Your TV has no video output or you don't want to use it as an external video source and you want to connect two VCRs to your computer. Connect the TV device to your computer via the antenna input. Connect either VCR to the computer via the Euroconnector. Connect the second VCR to the audio/video outputs (6) and (7) and to the audio/video inputs (3) and (4) of the computer. Both video recorders can now be used for recording and as external video sources without having to change the connections in the process. For this setup, you will need additional connection cables. H) Monochrome monitor (for business applications) You have a monochrome monitor, which you want to use for business applications (e.g. word processing). Then connect the audio/video inputs of your monitor to the audio/video outputs (6) and (7) of the computer. Make sure that the video Iluminance switch (5) is in the IN position before you turn on the computer on. -18- -------------------------------------- Note: If you have an external video source in your configuration (such as in configurations D, E, F and G above) and you only want to receive the image from that external video source (your VCR, for example) then you need to turn on your NMS 8280 and turn the video mix control (27) all the way to the leftmost position (EXT). Possibilities of the different configurations The overview below illustrates the applications that are within your reach with the illustrated set-ups. Remember that you need a VCR with "Assemble" capability to avoid picture interference when making recordings (see points 4, 5 and 6). CONFIGURATION APPLICATIONS (1) Drawing, graphic design and cartoon effects (2) Digitisation of images (TV programs) (3) Digitisation of images (from VCR, camera or camcorder) (4) Recording (1) (see above) and video effects ("wiping",etc.) (5) Recording (2) (see above) TV images and video effects (6) Record (3) (see above) video images and video effects * Only applicable if there is a video camera or camcorder connected. BUSINESS APPLICATIONS -19- ------------------------------------------ Choosing your video equipment Monitors: Normally, a good-quality colour television will be excellent in combination with your computer. If you want the best picture quality for your video images and graphic designs, use a high-resolution colour monitor and connect it via the Euroconnector. Make sure the RGB/CVBS switch is set to RGB, as this gives the best image quality. Of course, you can also use the computer's video output (CVBS). If you want to use "business" software (such as a word processing program), it is better to use a monochrome monitor as it is less tiring for your eyes. To connect a monochrome monitor, see chapter 2: "Connections and controls". TV receivers: Almost all modern television sets nowadays are equipped with an Euroconnector. If your colour TV only has an aerial input, use your computer's TV connection (2). Connection via a Euroconnector gives better picture quality. If your TV has a Euroconnector with video output, you can also use it as an external video source (TV programs). The Euroconnector can provide all the necessary audio and video input and output signals you need for your computer. If you are considering buying a new colour TV, make sure it has a Euroconnector with video output and also consider that you can use stereo sound. Note: Some modern TV receivers, such as those with Philips System 5, can provide an audio/video output signal independent of the display circuit. -20- ----------------------------------------- Video cassette recorders (VCRs): Your computer can be used with all standard video recorders (VHS, 8mm, BETAMAX, V2000, etc). If you plan to buy a VCR (VHS is the most common system)) make sure it preferably offers the following features: VIDEO OUTPUT: Some recorders only have an RF output that normally has to be connected to the antenna input of your TV. A VCR of this type cannot be connected directly to your computer. So make sure it has a video output! ASSEMBLE. This is an important aspect as it allows you to assemble video films without interference bars between scenes. INSERT (= Insert). This opens up the possibility of "overwriting" (replacing) existing footage on your tape without interference. Video cameras and camcorders: Make sure your video camera or camcorder has a video output, a good tape counter and a pause button, which does not cause any audio/video interference. -21- -------------------------------------------- 4 USING THE DISK DRIVES The disk drives These are 3.5-inch (8.9 cm) diameter, double-sided, dual-density and offer a capacity of 1.0 Mbyte unformatted. The disk drive on the left side in the front panel is referred to as drive A and on the right side as drive B. Formatting both one-sided and two-sided floppy disks is possible. The floppy disk The 3.5-inch (8.9 cm) floppy disk sits securely in a sturdy plastic holder. This holder has a spring-loaded metal slide, the diskette's security, which closes the opening to the diskette itself. Do not try to open this slide yourself, as it protects the diskette and opens automatically when the diskette is inserted into the drive's slot. The plastic sleeve of the diskette contains space where you can stick a label. This label is usually included and allows you to note the contents of the floppy diskette for future use. -22- ------------------------------------------------ When the label is full, do not stick a new label over it. Remove the old label first before sticking a new one. The floppy disk also has a slider to protect what is written inside it. Open the slider by sliding it to the left, as the illustration of the bottom of the diskette shows. The diskette is now protected against accidental deletion and thus "write-protected", This can be easily determined by holding the diskette up to the light. Press the slider to the right so that it closes again. New files can then be stored on the diskette and you can "write over" existing files. -23- ----------------------------------------------- Loading a floppy disk Insert the diskette into the drive's slot with the metal protective plate facing forward and the large label facing up. Gently push the floppy diskette into place. It should be easy to insert, so don't force anything when you can't. Check that you have inserted it correctly and then try again. The floppy disk fits into the slot only by one of its sides. -24- ------------------------------------------------ Removing the diskette To remove the diskette from the drive, simply press the eject button, and the diskette will automatically pop out of the drive. CAUTION! NEVER TRY TO REMOVE A DISKETTE WHILE THE "FDD BUSY" INDICATOR IS STILL LIT Formatting your diskette Every new diskette must be formatted. The diskette is formatted for storing files so that they can be looked up and read back into computer memory. If the diskette already contains data, it will be erased during this process. -25- ----------------------------------------------- Insert the diskette for formatting into one of the disk drives and type the following CALL FORMAT or _FORMAT Then press the RETURN key and the following message will become visible: DRIVE NAME? (A,B) If you are using the left standard built-in disc drive (drive A), you only need to press key A. Do NOT press the RETURN key. If the computer cannot determine whether the disc is one-sided or two-sided, a message will appear asking you to provide this information. When all this is done, the following message appears: STRIKE ANY KEY WHEN READY Check that the diskette is inserted in the drive and press any key. If you insert a diskette with open-write protection, you will see the following message appear: WRITE PROTECTED Remove the diskette and check that there is no data on it that you want to keep. If not, close the "write-protect" slide, insert the floppy disk again and repeat the formatting procedure. Once the diskette is formatted i.e. ready for use, the following message appears: FORMAT COMPLETE -26- ------------------------------------------------ 5 USE OF THE CARTRIDGE SLOTS WARNING ALWAYS ENSURE THAT YOUR COMPUTER IS SWITCHED OFF BEFORE CONNECTING AND/OR REMOVING A CARTRIDGE! Your computer is equipped with two cartridge slots, labelled 1 and 2. The slots are located on the right side of your computer. The cartridge sockets can be used for different purposes, and in general it does not matter which of the two you use. If necessary, you can also use both slots at the same time - but remember that slot number 1 always takes precedence over slot number 2. Program cartridges MSX software can be available on the so-called ROM cartridges. You must insert the cartridge into one of the slots, with the label being at the top. To use the program, you need to consult the manual provided. Interface cartridges Your computer is equipped with connection points for a television, a monitor, a data recorder, a printer and two joysticks, etc. If you want to use other peripherals, you will need a special interface cartridge. To install it, refer to the instructions supplied with these MSX peripherals. Memory expansion cartridges If you want to expand your computer's RAM, a special cartridge is available for that purpose. Note: If you connect an external disk drive via one of the cartridge slots, it will become drive A. The built-in drives A and B then will be drive C and drive D, respectively. -27- -------------------------------------------------------- 6 WORKING WITH THE KEYBOARD It is important to familiarise yourself with your computer's keyboard. Don't hesitate to "play" with it before you start the serious work. The keys react even when touched lightly. You will notice that holding down a letter key has the same effect as hitting it repeatedly. The keyboard is divided into five groups of keys: (1) Five function keys. (2) Five command keys: STOP, SELECT, CLS/HOME, INS and DEL. (3) Four cursor control keys. (4) Numeric section (5) The standard typewriter keys with special keys, such as: ESC, TAB, CTRL, etc. The following description of the various keys applies to their functions under MSX-BASIC. For some commercial programs, these functions may be different, in which case refer to the instructions you receive with the program. -28- ---------------------------------------------------- (1) The function keys The function keys are pre-programmed with standard functions for MSX-BASIC. These standard functions are shown at the bottom of the screen and are listed from left to right in the order F1 and F5. If you press the SHIFT key[Î], you will see the standard functions associated with function keys F6 to F10. Example: Pressing the function key F1-6 will execute function F1. If you hold down the SHIFT key [Î] and then press function key F1-6, function F6 will be executed. The function keys can also be programmed for other uses. Please refer to your MSX-BASIC manual for this. (2) The command keys [SELECT] The function of this key depends on the software you are using. [STOP] This key has a pause function and is used to temporarily stop the running program. If you want to continue that program again, simply press the STOP key again. If you press the STOP and CTRL keys at the same time, the program stops. [CLS/HOME] Pressing this key jumps the cursor to the first character on the first line of the screen. [CLS/HOME]+[Î] If you press CLS/HOME and [Î] (the SHIFT key) at the same time, all text and/or images disappear from the screen. [INS] This key allows you to insert text. You place the cursor at the position in the text where you want to insert something and then press INS. When you now type something, it lands where the cursor is and all the text to the right of the cursor moves to the right. To end this insertion function, press the INS -29- ------------------------------------------------------------------- [DEL] This key erases characters from the screen. If you move the cursor to a particular character and then press DEL, that character disappears while all text to the right of the cursor moves one place to the left. (3) The cursor control keys You can use these keys to move the cursor around the screen. This does not change anything on the screen. The arrows indicate the direction of the cursor movement. (4) Number area This area can be used instead of the typewriter keys to enter numbers. It is very convenient for entering numbers quickly, as the key layout is similar to that of a calculator. To the right of the number keys you will find four keys for the following mathematical functions: Subtraction - Divide / Multiply * Addition + (5) The typewriter keys These keys function exactly like the keys on a modern typewriter. If you press the A, the lowercase letter "a" appears on the screen at the location of the cursor, If you press the [Î] (the SHIFT key) and the A at the same time, the uppercase letter "A" appears on the screen at the location of the cursor. All lowercase and uppercase letters are obtained in this way. To get from the keys, which have two characters on them, the upper one, use the [Î] (the SHIFT key) as above. Besides the number and letter keys, you will also find the following keys in the keyboard: [ESC] The function of this button depends on the software you are using. [TAB] Pressing this key jumps the cursor to the next tabulator setting. ("TAB" thus means "tabulator"). -30- -------------------------------------------------------------- [CTRL] This key only works in combination with another key. ("CTRL" means "control"). [Î]=SHIFT Refer to the first section describing typewriter keys for the function of this key. [CAPS] When you press this key, the CAPS light under the key lights up. All letters on the keyboard are now capital letters. Press the [CAPS] key again to return to normal mode (lowercase). ("CAPS" means capitals). [<-]=Back Space Pressing this key moves the cursor one place to the left and erases any character (or space) that was there. ("BS" means "backspace" (= one place back).) [RETURN] This key is used, after a MSX-BASIC instruction or command has been typed. Pressing this key puts the instruction/command into the computer's memory and jumps the cursor after the first position of the next line. [GRPH] If you press this key and one of the letter or number keys at the same time, a (small) graphic symbol appears on the screen.If you press GRPH [Î] (SHIFT) and a letter or number key at the same time, a (large) graphic symbol appears on the screen. For further information, refer to Appendix B. [CODE] If you press this and a letter or number key simultaneously, a special lower case letter appears on the screen.If you press CODE [Î] (SHIFT) and a letter or number key simultaneously, a special upper case letter appears on the screen. For further information, refer to Appendix B. -31- ---------------------------------------------------------- (These keys can be used to place accents on letters): To place a (`) accent on a letter, first press the accent key. You won't see the accent yet. Now press the letter where you want the accent on top and the letter with the accent appears on the screen. To place a (´) accent on a letter, press the accent key and the SHIFT key [Î] simultaneously followed by the letter. The letter appears complete with accent on the screen. To get a (^) accent on a letter, press the accent key and the CODE key simultaneously, followed by the letter. The letter appears complete with accent on the screen. To get a (¨) accent on a letter, press the accent key, the CODE key and the SHIFT key[Î] simultaneously, followed by the letter. The letter appears complete with accent on the screen. NOTE: These accents can only be used together with vowels from the MSX character set. -32- ------------------------------------------------------------ SPACEBAR The long, blank key at the bottom of the keyboard (between the GRPH and CODE keys) is called the "space bar". If you press it a space appears on the screen. In various programs you can buy, the space bar often has a different, special function. Summary Most keys on your computer keyboard can bring six different characters to the screen: 1) Lower-case letters. 2) Uppercase letters, by pressing the SHIFT key [Î]. 3) Small graphic symbols by pressing the GRPH key. 4) Large graphic symbols by pressing the GRPH and SHIFT [Î] keys. 5) Special lowercase letters by pressing the CODE key. 6) Special upper case letters by pressing the CODE and SHIFT [Î] keys. For a complete list of all letters, numbers and symbols, see Appendix B. -33- --------------------------------------------------------- 7 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU TURN ON THE COMPUTER Starting without a diskette in the drive Turn on the computer and wait a moment. If you are using a TV receiver, you should reserve a special channel and tune it to your computer. Consult your TV's user manual for this. The following message appears on the screen: MSX etc. After a short time, the following message appears on the screen: MSX-BASIC etc. The last message (Disk-Basic) means that you can use the MSX-Disk-BASIC's floppy commands. NOTE: If you want the computer to start in MSX BASIC instead of MSX-Disk-Basic, hold the [Î] SHIFT key immediately after switching on the computer. If the start procedure has already been completed, press the RESET button 'and simultaneously hold the [Î] SHIFT key afterwards. Starting with MSX BASIC provides more memory capacity which is otherwise taken up by the MSX-Disk-BASIC interpreter program. It is advisable to use MSX BASIC when using MSX programs from a cassette. -34- ------------------------------------------------- Starting with an automatic program diskette The Philips VDEOGRAPHICS program and many other programs, which are available on diskette, start automatically according to so-called "auto-execute" principle. If you use this type of program, switch on your computer first and then insert the diskette into the unit immediately afterwards. See chapter 4: "Using the diskette unit". If the program does not start automatically, just leave the diskette in the unit and press the RESET button. Starting from a cartridge When a cartridge is inserted in slot 1 or 2, the program inside is started when the computer is switched on. Setting the built-in MSX clock Your MSX2 computer is equipped with a built-in clock with an automatically charging battery. If the date and time are set properly, the battery ensures that this information is preserved when the computer is switched off. When you turn the computer is switched on again, the battery recharges automatically. Under normal conditions, a fully charged battery can power the clock for several months. In MSX2-BASIC, there are two special commands for setting the clock: SET DATE SET TIME See your MSX-BASIC manual for further instructions. -35- ----------------------------------------------- 8 THE CONTROLS MANUAL CONTROL With your computer you have received a "mouse". You can also connect a joystick or graphic tablet(touchpad) to your computer (see chapter 2). The mouse works faster, but you can always manage the pointer with the cursor keys and, depending on the software you can "click" with the SPACE bar (or SELECT key). Further instructions on using the mouse can be found in the manual of your VIDEOGRAPHICS program. FRONT PANEL CONTROLS Audio/video source selector switch (21) Use the push switch to select your external audio/video (AV) source. When the switch is pressed, the Euroconnector is activated as the input (AV IN/OUT). If the button is pressed again and set to the release position, then signals come in via the separate audio/video input (AV IN). AV IN/OUT indicator (22) This indicator lights up when the external audio/video signals come in through the Euro connector (AV IN/OUT). Note: This indicator only functions when the video mix control (27) is in the leftmost position (EXT) or when the SUPERIMPOSE function of the computer is enabled. AV IN indicator (23) This indicator lights up when the audio/video signals come in via the dedicated audio and video inputs (AV IN). Note: This indicator lights up only when the video mix control is in the leftmost position (EXT) or when the SUPERIMPOSE function is enabled. Superimpose indicator (24) This indicator lights up when the SUPERIMPOSE function is enabled (see chapter 10). Note: The SUPERIMPOSE function can be activated by using a BASIC instruction (SET VIDEO command) or through your VIDEOGRAPHICS program. -36- ----------------------------------------------------- Digitisation level slider (25) This slider allows you to adjust the brightness (intensity) of an external video image you want to digitise. It can also be used to adjust the brightness of an external video image (from TV, VCR,etc.), as it controls the video output signal at the Euroconnector(8) and the video output (6). For further instructions, see Chapter 9: "Digitising a video image". Audio mix slider (26) This slider allows setting the audio mix from an external audio source (Euroconnector or AV IN), denoted EXT and computer-generated audio, denoted INT. The control is separate from the video functions, allowing you to listen to an external audio source, for example, while creating graphics with the computer. If there is no external audio input, you can also use this control to adjust the volume of the computer sound. Note: The Philips VDEOGRAPHICS program does not use computer sound. For that, use the Philips MUSIC MODULE or program the desired sounds yourself in BASIC. Video mix slider (27) This slider allows you to adjust the brightness of your computer images when the SUPERIMPOSE function is on, and make the computer image rise slowly. When the slider is all the way to the left (past the click-stop), only the external video image is visible. In the SUPERIMPOSE function, the brightness of the graphic images (or digitised images) is adjusted by moving the slider on the right-hand side past the click-stop. When the brightness of the computer image is reduced, a "shadow mask" of the design remains visible until the slider is moved past the click-stop again. The video mix slider gradually increases the intensity of the graphic image to a half-to-half mix by sliding the slider to the right. As the level is lowered, the computer image gradually disappears until the point where the slider reaches the click-stop. If it passes that point, you will only see the video image (at full intensity). See chapters 10 and 11 for further information. -37- --------------------------------------------- 9 DIGITISING A VIDEO IMAGE Using the digitise function, you can digitise video images from any kind of external video source, converting them into a still, graphic image. The video image can be either static or moving, as only a single "shot" is taken and stored in the computer memory, thus "freezing" the movement. The digitised image has a resolution of 256 x 212 image points ("pixels"), with 256 different colours available for each image point. The digitised image can be edited and changed with the addition of cartoon effects, etc. just like computer graphics images. If you want to digitise an image, you can use the VIDEOGRAPHICS program or the now following program example: 1) Make sure the digitisation level slider (25) is slightly to the right of centre. 2) Then enter the following program example: 100'*DIGITIZE** 'Digitize function 110 ON STOP GOSUB 210 'Activates CTRL/STOP function 120 STOP ON 130 SCREEN 8 'Activates screen 8 setting 140 COLOR ,,255 'Sets colour frame to code 255 150 SET VIDEO 1 'Activates computer function (ext. sync.) 160 COPY SCREEN 'Starts digitisation 170 TIME= 0 'Sets time to O 180 IF INKEY$=""GOTO 160 'Checks key input 190 IF TIME<4 GOTO 190 'Checks the time -38- -------------------------------------------------- 200 IF INKEY$="" GOTO 200 ELSE 140 'Checks the key input 210 '*STOP** 'Ends the function 220 SET VIDEO 0,0 'Sets the computer function(int. sync) and enables digitize. 230 END 3) Save the program on a floppy disk for future use. 4) Start the program by pressing the F5 function key (or tap RUN and then press the RETURN key). 5) Use the audio/video selector and choose an external video source. Press the SPACE bar when you see an image you want to digitise. The digitised image is now on your screen. As you can see, the image at the bottom and top is not digitised. If you are not satisfied with the result, increase or decrease the brightness of the external video image using the digitisation level control (25) and try again. 6) If you want to digitise an image again, just press the SPACE bar. If you want to stop the program, press the CTRL and STOP keys simultaneously. Note: If you want to develop your own programs to digitise images, you can use the SCREEN 5, SCREEN 6 or SCREEN 7 commands. Normally, you should use the SCREEN 8 command. -39- --------------------------------------------------- 10 "SUPERIMPOSING" WITH GRAPHIC IMAGES The SUPERIMPOSE function allows you to "superimpose" (= insert) graphic images (and digitised images) over still or moving images from an external video source. The superimposed image is created in the following way: A) The computer image is synchronised with the images from your external video source. B) The image of the external video source is replaced by the computer image, except where the computer image has been made transparent. C) The superimposed image is then output via the Euroconnector(8), the video output (6) and the TV connection (2) (RF OUT). To "superimpose" a computer image over an image from an external video source, you can use the Philips VIDEOGRAPHICS program or you can use the following procedure: 1) Make sure the digitise-level mix control (27) is all the way to the right (GRAPHIC), 2) Turn on the computer and wait for the computer, which normally shows OK on the screen with a cursor. If the computer is already on, you can press RESET and then simultaneously press the CTRL and STOP keys. This will switch your computer to direct setting. 3) Now enter the following commands to activate the SUPERIMPOSE function: SET VIDEO 2 [RETURN] COLOUR ,0,0 [RETURN] -40- ---------------------------------------------------- Note: The SET VIDEO command activates the SUPERIMPOSE function and SUPERIMPOSE will light up. The COLOR command makes the background colour transparent, so you can see the external video image except where coloured superimpose images are used. 4) Use the audio/video source selector switch (21) to bring the external video image onto your screen. 5) "Run" the computer program for the graphic images, which you want to use. 6) Use the video mix slider to set the brightness of the computer image, which you want to superimpose. Push the slider to the left, past the click-stop to get the image of your external video source on the screen without any graphic effects. 7) Now enter the following commands to disable the SUPERIMPOSE function and change the colour of the background and framing to dark blue: SET VIDEO 0 [RETURN] COLOUR ,4,4 [RETURN] The superimpose indicator(24)is now OFF. Brightness control The brightness of the external video image can be set in two ways: 1) To reduce the brightness to 50% (-6dB) when superimposing a computer image, enter the following commands: SET VIDEO 2,1 [RETURN] Sets video image to half intensity. SET VIDEO 2,0 [RETURN] Restores normal video image. 2) You can also adjust the brightness of the external video image using the digitisation level control (25) -41- ------------------------------------------------------- The following example program gives a good demonstration of the superimpose function and control of brightness and colour: 100 '*SUPERIMPOSE** 'Makes the background dark blue and the border transparent. 110 COLOR ,4,0 120 SET VIDEO 2 'Activates the SUPERIMPOSE function. 130 IF INKEY$="" GOTO 130 'Checks key input. 140 COLOR ,0 'Makes background transparent. 150 IF INKEY$="" GOTO 150 'Checks key-input. 160 SET VIDEO ,1 'Sets external video image to 50%. 170 IF INKEY$="' GOTO 170 'Controls key-input. 180 SET VIDEO 0,0 'Returns to the original, external image. 190 IF INKEY$="" GOTO 190 'Checks key input. 200 GOTO 110 'Returns to line 110. Press the CTRL and STOP keys simultaneously to stop the sample program. The following overview explains the behaviour of the NMS 8280 computer when the SET VIDEO command is used with and without the VIDEO MIX setting. The percentages given refer to brightness (e.g.: 50% is half-to-half). -42- ------------------------------------------------------- SET VIDEO VIDEO SYNC. SUPER BEHAVIOR COMMAND MIX IMPOSE IN- SETTING DICATOR ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0,0 OFF INT OFF Computer IMAGE only (100%) 0,0 ON INT OFF Computer image only (50%) 1,0 OFF EXT ON(1) Computer image only (100%) 1,0 ON EXT ON Mix of computer picture (50%) with video image (50%)(2) 2,0 OFF EXT ON Superimpose image (100%) over video image (100%) 2,0 ON EXT ON Superimpose image (50%) over video image (100%) 21 OFF EXT ON Superimpose image (100%) over video image (50%). 21 ON EXT ON Mix of computer image (50%) and video image (50%) (3) N.B: (1) Superimpose indication applies to external image synchronisation (e.g. for image digitisation). (2) 100% video image with video mix control in leftmost position (EXT). (3) 50% video image with video mix control in leftmost position (EXT). -43- -------------------------------------------------- 11 MIXING COMPUTER-TO-VIDEO IMAGES The VIDEO MIX function allows you to mix computer images with images from an external video source to a level of 50%. unlike the SUPERIMPOSE function, in which the video image is covered by a coloured computer image, the VIDEO MIX setting shows both images half-for-half.The video image is always 50% of its full intensity, while the computer image can be set from 0% to 50%. To mix a graphical computer image with that of an external video source, use the VIDEOGRAPHICS program or follow the following procedure: 1) Set the digitiser level control (25) to the middle position and the video mix control (27) to the rightmost position (GRAPHIC). 2) Key in the following sample program: 100 '*VIDEO MIX ** 'VIDEO MIX setting. 110 COLOR ,0,0 'Sets colour background and border to transparent. 120 SET VIDEO 1 'Switches SUPERIMPOSE function on 130 IF INKEY$="" GOTO 130 'Checks key input. 140 OUT &HF6,&B11011111 'Turns on VIDEO MIX function. 150 IF INKEY$="" GOTO 150 'Checks key input. 160 OUT &HF6,&B11111111 'Turns off VIDEO MIX function. 170 GOTO 110 'Go back to line 110. 180 END -44- -------------------------------------------- 3) Save the program on a floppy disk for future use. 4) Run the program by pressing function key F5 (or tap RUN and then press RETURN and the computer switches to the SUPERIMPOSE function. 5) Use the audio/video selector (21) to get your external video image on the screen. Then press the SPACE bar on the keyboard to enable the VIDEO MIX function. 6) Use the video mix control to bring up the computer image. 7) Press the SPACE bar again to turn off the VIDEO MIX function. 8) Press the CTRL and STOP keys simultaneously to stop the program. Key in the following command to change the background and border colour back to dark blue: COLOUR ,4,4 [RETURN] OUT COMMAND As you can see in the example program above, the OUT command switches the VIDEO MIX function on and off. The commands are a.o: OUT &HF6,&B11011111 [RETURN] Switches VIDEO MIX function on OUT &HF6,&B11111111 [RETURN] Switches VIDEO MIX function off -45- ----------------------------------------------- 12 MAINTAINING YOUR COMPUTER The outside of your computer can be cleaned with a dry cloth. Never use chemical cleaners. If you use peripherals, keep in mind that these devices sometimes require preventive maintenance. For this, refer to the manual you received with the device. Floppy disks, cassettes and Quick Disks are magnetic. Therefore store them cool - not in direct sunlight or near other heat sources. Also do not place them near magnetic fields (such as a television, an amplifier, etc.) to avoid loss of information. If you computer does not function properly, switch it off immediately and take it to the dealer for servicing. All repairs should be carried out by authorised technicians. Never open your computer yourself. Like all other electrical and electronic equipment, your computer should never be exposed to excessive humidity. Avoid spilling liquids into the computer and avoid sudden large temperature fluctuations. Your computer has ventilation openings for necessary cooling. Make sure these openings are not covered when the computer is on, to allow air o circulate properly. Avoid placing your computer too close to heat sources, such as heaters, radiators and indirect sunlight. Never touch the terminals' contact points with your fingers, as they may oxidise. Position your computer and peripherals so that no one can step over the connecting cables. If you want to remove a plug, never pull on the cable but on the plug itself. Never drop your computer and make sure, for example when moving, that no heavy objects fall on it. -46- --------------------------------------------- APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 1. THE CHIPS CPU Central processing unit: Z8OA, 3.5MHz. VDP Video Display Unit: YM 9938 or corresponding chip. PC/PSG Port controller/Programmable sound generator: S-3527 or corresponding chip. 256K RAM 128K Video RAM, 128K User RAM 64K ROM 48K ROM for MSX2, 16K ROM for Disk BASIC. 2. FEATURES - Video image digitisation. - Superimposing of graphic images. - High resolution (up to 512 x 212 pixels). - 24 lines of 80 characters. - 512 colours available. - Up to 256 sprites. - Two built-in disk drives (720 KB storage capacity, formatted). - Possibility of inserting a second disk drive. - Separate keyboard with separate numeric keypad. - 89 keys for 253 characters and graphic symbols. - 8-octave sound with 3 tones simultaneously. - Microsoft BASIC interpreter. -47- ------------------------------------------------- 3. SLOT MAP -48- ------------------------------------------------- 4. CARTRIDGE SLOT PIN-OUT -49- ------------------------------------------------- 5. AUDIO/VIDEO OUTPUT IN/OUT (EURO CONNECTOR) (RGB) PIN-OUT -50- ------------------------------------------------- 6. DATA RECORDER CONNECTION 7. PRINTER CONNECTION 8. JOYSTICK CONNECTORS -51- ------------------------------------------------- APPENDIX B THE KEYBOARD Virtually every key on the typewriter part of the keyboard can produce 6 different characters. The following illustration shows you which way, using the "A" key as an example. The same principle applies to all other keys shown in the following illustration. -52- ------------------------------------------------- APPENDIX C GLOSSARY ANIMATION (GRAPHICS) (= cartoon effects) The Philips VDEOGRAPHICS program makes it is possible to create the so-called “animation” effects in graphic images. The bottom line is where the user can design a series of rapidly changing images of a limited size, which when played back suggest movement ("animation"). With the VDEOGRAPHICS program you can have two objects appear simultaneously, moving across the screen. ASSEMBLE (= put together) Your VCR must be equipped with the ASSEMBLE option if you want to record multiple video scenes in succession without interference bars during scene changes. BNC CONNECTOR A connector with bayonet lock, which is often used with video equipment (e.g. for the video output). CAMCORDER A video camera with built-in video recorder (VCR). CAMERA (VIDEO) A video camera converts an optical image into a video signal. It generally has a video output for connection to a VCR or TV/monitor. If your video camera has a video output, it can also be connected to your computer and used as a video source. CINCH CONNECTOR Also known as “RCA Phono” connector. This type of connection is often used with audio and video equipment. COLOuR COMMAND (= color command) This is a BASIC command to set the color of the foreground, background and border. Consult your BASIC manual for further instructions. CVBS (See VIDEO). EUROCONNECTOR Also known as CENELEC or SCART connector. It is a multi-functional audio/video connection, which is increasingly used on video equipment and television receivers. -54- ------------------------------------------------- INSERT Your VCR must have the INSERT capability if you want to replace parts of a video recording with others without interference effects. LUMINANCE This is used with monochrome monitors, as it provides information about the brightness of the image but does not contain color information. Your computer is equipped with an aluminum switch for controlling the separate video output (cinch connector) on the back of the console. MIXING (VIDEO) Your computer has a video mixing facility that allows you to mix computer images and images from an external video source half-and-half. See Chapter 11. MONITOR A monitor is a screen for video (CVBS) and/or RGB signals. Unlike TV devices, monitors do not have an RF input. Color monitors provide an excellent color image, while monochrome monitors are ideal for business use (such as word processing). OUT This is a BASIC command used to activate the video mixing function. Consult your BASIC manual for further information. RF (Radio Frequency) This designation is generally used for the signal that comes in via the antenna input of a television set. The signal is modulated on radio frequency, like the broadcast signals of TV channels. On most older television receivers this is the only input. Your computer also provides an RF signal for these types of devices, and you will often find it on other home video equipment. (VCR, camcorders, etc.). RGB (Red/Green/Blue) This is another system for transmitting video signals. Here the three components of a video image (red, green and blue) are supplied separately. RGB provides a very high quality video image. -55- ------------------------------------------------- SCREEN COMMAND This BASIC command is generally used to set the screen function. Consult your BASIC manual for further information. SET VIDEO COMMAND This BASIC command is used to activate the superimpose function and synchronize the computer with the video source. Consult your BASIC manual for further information. SUPERIMPOSE (GRAPHICS) This term refers to the “implanting” of graphic images (such as titles) in video images. An everyday example is the subtitles of foreign films on your TV. With your computer you can create graphic designs ranging from simple titles to multi-colored pieces. If you superimpose your computer images over video images, the black parts of your computer image become transparent. The video images then become visible through those transparent parts of the computer image. VCR Abbreviation for Video Cassette Recorder. VIDEO (CVBS) This is a composite video signal with color and brightness information. It is often referred to as "video". It is not modulated like an RF signal for your TV. Many television receivers are now equipped with a video input in addition to the standard RF connection. VIDEO EFFECTS This is a general term for effects that are obtained when video and computer images are combined. You will also encounter this term in this manual. The effects achieved can be recorded on a video tape (VCR). Video effects include: titles, wipes, superimposing graphics over video footage, cartoon effects, etc. -56- ------------------------------------------------- VIDEO OUTPUT Not all video equipment (TV, VCR, etc.) is equipped with a video output. A video output provides a CVBS signal and can be connected to other video equipment. All equipment that you want to connect to your computer to serve as a source of video images must be equipped with such an output. The video output can be included in the Euroconnector or in the form of a separate connection (cinch or BNC). “WIPE” (= erase) This is a technical term that indicates that one image is gradually replaced (erased) by another. With your NMS 8280, a "closing wipe" means that a computer image is used to erase a graphic image or video image. The opposite is the case with an "opening wipe", where the computer image is gradually replaced by a video image or graphic image In the VIDEOGRAPHICS program you will find a number of different wipe effects that you can use to separate two video scenes. -57- ------------------------------------------------- Addendum page 8 The normal position of the Video luminance switch is the OUT position. In this mode, the video output connector (6) and the Audio/Video IN/OUT Euro connector (8) provide a color signal for a color monitor, TV, or VCR. When the Video Luminance Switch is set to the IN position, the Video Output Connector (8) and the Audio/Video IN/OUT Euro Connector (8) provide a monochrome signal. When a VCR is connected to one of these connectors, video recording will be monochrome.